Topic: A Family Pattern

My Scottish Johnstons were not a very imaginative lot. Within five generations there are eight Charles, eight Georges, 12 Marys (five with the same middle name, originally a Generation 3 surname) five Alexanders and four Margarets, Peters and Roberts. Almost all born in Lanarkshire, particularly Glasgow.

The earliest known who can be identified with certainty is Charles Johnston, born in Graetney, Dumfriesshire (on the Scottish-English border) about 1725. He married Helen Glendinning on 8 July 1753 in Graetney. They had six known children, one of them the second Charles. There appears to have been a wider Johnston clan at Graetney as there were other baptisms of Johnstons about the same time as “my” Charles’ children. A subject for future research!

Charles 2 had six children including Charles 3 and Alexander 1. Also a John. Incidentally I only recently discovered that the Graitney Johnston/es were almost certainly descended from the original Lord Johnstone of Lochwood and Earl of Hartfell, a title created by King Charles I in 1633.

The children did not seem to follow the same occupations as their namesakes; nor did the families follow strict naming patterns, which might have made identifying them a little easier!

Of course I couldn’t resist going a little further …. Here is a page from the PR Births in Graetney in 1771. A little difficult to read! But after enlarging and careful scanning I’ve found a total of five Johnstons who may or may not have been related.

March 19, 1771. Baptised John son to John Johnston and Agnes Well in Green – the West Green.

April 8, 1771. Baptised Christian, daughter of Christopher Johnston elder and Mary Blackstock at Miln town on Sark. They m. 12 June 1747 and had 10 children.

April 30, 1771. Baptised David son to Thomas Johnston and Jean Richardson in B….oights. (some more lettering, indecipherable) they m. 1748 Graetna. According to FamilySearch. They had about 11 children.

April 30, 1771. Baptised Charles son to Charles Johnston and Helen Glendinning in N. Graetna. – 7 children

May 17, 1771. Baptised Robert son to Willam Broach and Jean Johnston in Logan M… Half Morton. (There were about 10 Jeans born within a reasonable time frame in the general area so she cannot be identified with certainty).

Theme: an Address with a story.

A formal address can include the name of a house or building as well as the street and town/city, etc. I have chosen to focus on a house name.

The first time I encountered the name “Redmarley” was on a huge ornate nameplate near the front door of my maternal aunt’s home in Sydney, Australia, which 10-year-old-or-so me used to admire on our frequent visits.

Many years later I discovered it was the name of a village in Worcestershire (now Gloucestershire) where my maternal GGGGMother Elizabeth Cook (1775-1859) was born and married William Hunt. They had 12 children, all born there – the full name being Redmarley d’Abitot.

British Military History records that the “Battle of Redmarley” was fought on July 27, 1644 between Cromwell’s General Massey and the Royalist General Mynne – at which 170 Royalists were killed. Seventeen of the casualties have been identified as buried in the Redmarley churchyard. There are gouge marks on the south side of the church tower, made by Cromwwell’s soldiers sharpening their weapons before the battle.

After that brush with fame, Redmarley d’Abitot sank back into obscurity and was rarely if ever mentioned in the histories of the region, with one exception. It was where the last English ‘Trial by Water’ of a reputed witch was held. The story goes that William Lygon, the first Earl Beauchamp, was riding through his constituency in 1820s when he came upon a throng of excited rustics, and learnt they were about to put an alleged witch through the ordeal. He managed to assert his authority as a County Justice and saved her.

My GGGF Thomas Hunt was the eldest of the 12 children of William and Elizabeth. He married in 1819 and at some time in the next eight years, moved his growing family to Reading, Berkshire. From there several of his children emigrated to Australia, taking the Redmarley name with them – there are or were at least 6 houses in the Sydney area called Redmarley. A name that endures. Yet it was at least 40 years between the Thomas Hunts moving to Berkshire and then some of the children emigrating to Australia, and none of the children would have ever lived in (and most likely never visited) the original Redmarley.

As a postscript – guess what my own home is named! It seems particularly apt as it is built of red brick.

According to Wikipedia, the name Redmarley comes from ‘woodland clearing with a reedy pond’, from the Old English words hrëod and lëah. An alternative derivation has been suggested as from the local red heavy clay or marl. The difficulty with this explanation is that the word marl entered the language many centuries later. D’Abitot is thought to come from Urse d’Abetot, who was Sheriff of Worcestershire and who held the manor in 1086.

Theme: Conflicting Clues.

After over 20 years of occasional searching, my GGGUncle Reuben Hunt remains undiscovered. Born on February 6, 1824 to Thomas Hunt and Ann (Nancy) Welding, he was baptised on October 25 in St. Lawrence, Reading.

He is in the 1841 Census (name misspelled) with his parents and siblings. His father is described as a Shoemaker (which confirms earlier evidence) and he is 17, a shoemaker’s apprentice. It is probable he was born in Pendock, Worcestershire where his parents were married and lived for some years and his eldest sister was born in 1820.

What happened to him after that? As a young man of 17 it is unlikely he would settle down immediately. His eldest sister had already left home. Quite possibly he decided not to be a shoemaker all his life.

The only likely entry in the 1851 Census is for a Reuben aged 27, born in Eydon, Northamptonshire, a hand loom weaver with a wife Elizabeth (“British subject, born in North America”) and one year old son Thomas, born in Shutford, Oxfordshire where the Census was recorded.

This family emigrated to the US, as so many others did at that time – and turned up in Fayetteville, Iowa in the 1860 Census – Reuben Hunt, 35, master mason, b. England with wife Elizabeth b. New York and 3 children born in England (the eldest a Thomas aged 11) plus one in New York. This family were also in the 1880 US Census where father Reuben is now a stone mason-beer retailer. He was aged 82 in 1905, in the US 48 years and in Iowa 44 years. Widowed.

Searching for the parents of an Eydon-born Reuben baptised on 13 July1856 turned up William and Hannah Hunt. So, definitely not my Reuben. (There was also an earlier Eydon-born Reuben baptised on 3 Aug 1820, parents John and Sarah! )

Yet another Reuben Hunt of the correct age was born in Abingdon, Berks according to the 1861 Census, a fishmonger with a wife Elizabeth and 2 children born in Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire where they were then living. This Reuben was actually born 1823 died October 1865 in Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire. Not my Reuben. And incidentally, another Reuben was born May 1824 in Abingdon, Plymouth, Massachusetts where he and his family always lived!

And another Reuben Hunt born Blackwater, Hampshire; and one in Roxwell, Sussex … and so on. All born in the same year. Sigh.

And also ….. A Reuben Hunt was born to parents Thomas and Ann Hunt in Tarrant-Crawford, Dorset – but baptised in 1821. Not my Reuben.

A Reuben Hunt born in Sedgebarrow, Worcs (close to Pendock) unfortunately died in 1837 in Evesham, Worcs. His family continued to live there for more than one generation; a much younger Reuben Hunt is in the ERs for 1884-1908. Not my Reuben. (He’s claimed by another family on Ancestry).

A child Esther was born in Lighthorne, Warwick in June 1870 to Reuben, a labourer, and Mary Anne Hunt. Unlikely – he would have been 46 then.

A Reuben born about 1826 died in Wiltshire in 1884.

And finally, there is a private photo on Ancestry of a Reuben Hunt born May 1824 died 1854. I have messaged the owner but do not have much hope that it is my Reuben.

It would be lovely to finally find him and put him to rest in the family tree!!

Theme: A Big Decision.

Of all my immigrant ancestors who came to Australia from Ireland, Scotland and England in the nineteenth century, surely the biggest decision was made by the biggest family – school Headmaster Edwin Hunt (Brother of Emma in the previous 52 Ancestors theme) and his wife Margaret Morgan, and eight of their ten children (two died earlier) in 1879. By then immigrant ships were vastly improved; Edwin and family traveled saloon class on the Aconcagua, a fast (and very big!) steamship. Even so it must have been a trying voyage which took 49 days (the earlier sailing ships usually took over 100 days).

A description of the ship says …”The first saloon is supplied with steam heating apparatus, and the arrangements generally (including smoking room, ice-house, &c) are such as to ensure the greatest comfort for an Australian voyage. Both first and second saloon cabins are furnished with every requisite, including bedding, linen, &c. A free table supplied daily with fresh meat, poultry &c, will be provided for each of these classes. An experienced surgeon and a stewardess will be carried. Fares from 15 to 70 guineas.” The ship was powered by two combination engines although she also used sails where there were advantageous winds.

The voyage was London to Plymouth then the Cape Verde islands, Cape Town (South Africa) nd via the Roaring Forties to Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. Some passengers continued on to New Zealand.

By an amazing coincidence I discovered a shipboard diary written by one of the New Zealand passengers, in a NZ Library. Although it did not specifically mention the Hunt family, there were references to children, and the many trials and tribulations of the long ocean voyage.

Theme: What the Census Suggests.

My Great Great Aunt Emma Hunt, born 1829 in Reading, Berkshire, was the fourth child and only daughter who stayed in England – three of her siblings emigrated to Australia and one brother is thought to have gone to America.

The 1851 England & Wales Census shows Emma, aged just 21 and head of the household, a milliner and dressmaker, living at Ing Court, Reading, with her younger brother Edwin aged 14, a ‘teacher at a charity school’ and a very young Helena E Hunt aged 1, her ‘daughter’. (A surprise!). Her father had died in 1848 and her mother Ann (Nancy) was living with a family with 4 young children on Census night in 1851. She is listed as a Nurse; there was also a Governess and a servant. An older sister was also working as a Nurse with another family.

The child Helena enabled me to identify Emma’s family – she married Joseph Waugh on November 18 1855 in Reading. Joseph, a gas fitter, was still living with his parents and younger siblings in 1851, at an address in St Marys, Reading – very close to Emma. By 1861 they were living together; by now Joseph was a shoeing smith, and besides their listed daughter Ellen aged 11 (thus born in 1851) there were two younger children. They were to go on to have nine children, including another daughter before their marriage. Subsequent Censuses gave Helena’s middle name as Ellen, which fits with the one-year-old Helena E. Hunt.

Topic: Favourite Photo.

This is the only photo I have of my Grandfather Alex Johnston (1868-1952), indeed the only known photo of him at all. A very private man, he reluctantly succumbed to the pleas of his granddaughter when I was about 10 and armed with my first camera, a Baby Brownie box camera with a very simple shutter mechanism. Also in the photo are my father and brother – and again, this is the only photo of all three of them together, so doubly precious.

Granddad was an extraordinary man. Born in Tasmania, Australia to immigrant Scots, he travelled extensively when young, making several trips to to the Far East and Japan in between working as a newspaper reporter on the Western Australian goldfields and in Melbourne, painting exquisite watercolours and playing the violin “like a young Joachim” according to a tiny newspaper cutting which I miraculously discovered concealed between the pages of one of his books. (No, NOT Joaquin Phoenix! The name, a Spanish evolution of a Hebrew name, means ‘lifted by God/Yaweh’ with connotations of divine favour, strength and stability; in 1899 the reference was probably to Joaquin Rodrigo, a Spanish composer and pianist.)

My father in contrast was a quiet man who had no desire to travel and was content to spend long summers on the beach with his children. Like his father he did however have an enquiring mind and was a wonderful life teacher.

My brother was different again – a gregarious man who enjoyed talking about himself! Not interested in journalism or anything resembling it, not an artist, not very musical ….

Topic: A Breakthrough Moment.

I wasn’t getting very far with my wider Glasgow-based Johnston famiiy. Census entries were useful but not always to be trusted, with multiple common names like Charles, George, Peter and Mary.

I had established that my GGGF Charles Johnston was born in 1797 and died in 1848, and that he married Mary Learmonth in Glasgow. They had seven children including Charles b. 1817, plus George, Peter, Robert, Alexander, John and Mary. The elder Charles died in 1848 aged 56; he did not leave a will but I discovered a huge legal document signed by two of his sons and his wife, who ”… entered upon the management of the deceased’s personal Estate”. So I can be certain of his date of death.

I knew Charles was buried in the Southern Necropolis, Glasgow. So I contacted the Necropolis office in the hope that some more information would be forthcoming. It was!

they told me that either Charles or his son a younger Charles (born 1817) was the registered owner of a lair (grave), and there was a huge tombstone … (Incidentally I am very lucky to have this photo as I’ve been told it has since fallen over).

Curiously the top portion is engraved IS … 42 (Isaiah 42?). The property of Charles Johnston”. But which one? Charles Senior, born 1797, died in 1848; his son Charles (born 1817) and also his wife Isabella are known to have died before 1857. Their son, yet another Charles, was born about 1838 and died in 1857 – his death certificate says both his parents were deceased.

The monument has Charles’ name and two others. One is George Johnston (d. 1906), son of Charles and Isabella; the other is Jessie Johnston, who was George’s wife. The surprise was that another five people aged between 2 months and 82 years, who died between 1848 and 1935, were also interred in this lair according to the Necropolis office – who helpfully gave me full details of their names, death dates and ages.

With all these names and the certain knowledge that they were part of my wider family, I was able to expand my family tree. Modern-day DNA matching has turned up several distant cousins all easily traceable to Charles Johnston and Mary Learmonth.

As to why the second Charles and his wife Isabella were not buried there, I surmise that either there is another undiscovered lair nearby, which seems unlikely, or that they succumbed to typhoid or cholera and had to be buried quickly in a mass grave – there were known outbreaks in 1848 and 1853. Glasgow was desperately overcrowded at the time with fresh water and sewerage problems.

So although learning the names of the family members buried the lair undoubtedly gave me a breakthrough, it also raised some more questions.

(Amendment – after some discussion it is agreed the top of the tombstone is a biblical reference – Isaiah 52. )

Theme: A Theory in Progress.

As another participant in 52 Ancestors has written, “There are times when you aren’t quite sure what is right in your research. This is a good week to explore a theory that you have about someone in your family tree”.

My Paternal Grandmother Bertha Wade was born in Invercargill, New Zealand on 5 January 1868 to barrister and solicitor Frederick Wentworth Wade and his wife Adela Macloskey. The sixth of their children, she was only six months old when her mother died during a visit to her family in Melbourne. Bertha was with her at the time but it is not known when she returned to New Zealand. One theory is that she was taken back by her uncle Richard Macloskey’s eldest daughter Ada Gresham Macloskey, although no shipping record can be found. It is known however that Ada had visited her aunt in NZ just a year previously when she was 17.

What is also known is that three years after his wife’s death, Bertha’s father married Ada in Melbourne (so the family must have approved). So 19 year old Ada, besides having a daughter of her own just a year later in 1878, became stepmother to five children between the ages of eleven and three.

But this story is about Bertha. Her eldest sister Annie was an enlightened young woman who signed the first NZ Suffrage petition in 1873 together with her step mother Ada. At that time Annie was working in her father’s office, but she soon took off for the wilds of Western Australia where records show she lived for 3 years, and later in Melbourne, Victoria. One of her brothers Frederick was also on the WA goldfields for some years before marrying in Perth in 1905. Bertha’s second eldest sister Adela also left home early to become a nurse (and much later Matron of the prestigious Geelong Grammar school near Melbourne). Her other brother seemed to have remained in NZ.

Bertha herself must have soon followed her elder sisters to Australia and doubtless adventure. No record of her arrival can be found, but by the time she was 26 in 1901 she seems to have found her feet as Manageress of “Guest’s Toilet Salon” in Bourke Street, Melbourne (a very prestigious address). I cannot be entirely sure that the Manageress was my Bertha but it seems very likely. Advertisements appeared regularly in the Melbourne newspapers, always at the bottom of the social pages, until 1907. In an interview with Mr. Guest himself in 1900, Miss Bertha Wade was described as an expert manicurist. She must have been promoted soon after. Unfortunately it was not said if she came from New Zealand.

One advertisement contained a very poor photograph of Bertha – it is impossible to make out her features but she does appear to have a huge cloud of hair. My one lasting memory of my grandmother just before she died is that she had a huge cloud of snow white hair.

The last advertisement for the Salon with Manageress Miss Bertha Wade appeared on 1 August 1907. Guests continued to operate at a different address, but there was no further mention of a manageress.

Just over a year later, Bertha Elizabeth Wade married my Grandfather Alexander Johnston in Melbourne. Both gave their address as a boarding house. The wedding must have been rather hush-hush as there were no engagement or marriage notices, and they were married at a Manse which advertised its marriage services for a fee. Alex was a journalist from Tasmania who had previously led an adventurous life in WA and who had made several trips to Japan and the Far East. He was 42 and Bertha was 34.

It seems reasonably certain that Miss Wade, Manageress was indeed my Grandmother Bertha. There was one other Bertha Wade in Melbourne for a time but the electoral rolls showed she was elsewhere after the time Bertha married, whereas Bertha’s electoral roll entry simply stopped.

My father never really talked about his mother, and her will made no mention of any early profession of hers – but there is one other supporting fact, she was a wealthy woman and owned the house where my grandparents lived. Of course she may well have received a legacy from her father. Her will indicates a strong forthright woman who stated that granddad could continue to live in the house until he died but must maintain the insurance, house rates etc and not ask their son to pay them!

Topic: What this story means to me.

My GGGM Ann (Nancy) Welding was born in the little village of Upton St. Leonard in rural Gloucestershire and baptised on 10 January 1790. Her parents Thomas Wilday/Weldin/Wilding and his wife Elizabeth Fowler later had two more children. She was baptised Nancy but referred to as Ann in several legal documents including her marriage and the 1851 Census, but as Nancy in the 1841 Census when the information was given by her husband.

It is not known where or how Nancy received an education, most likely at the instigation of her father who signed his marriage register in 1786. When Nancy married Thomas Hunt in Redmarley d’Abitot, Glos on 1 Feb 1819, she also signed the marriage register in full. By then she was 29. Thomas, a cordwainer (shoemaker), made a cross. It is thought that Nancy was a governess or lady’s maid at the nearby grand “Down House”.

Nancy and Thomas had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth, was a nurse and later the matron on an immigrant ship which also carried her sister Mary Anne and the latter’s first four children to Australia in 1864. In Sydney Elizabeth became known as an “accoucheusse”, helping mothers with new babies, and Mary Anne, by then with eight children by two husbands, taught French. Next came Reuben, about whom, very frustratingly, I still know nothing. Then 3 sisters including Mary Anne, one of whom stayed in England and the third died aged 2. Finally my GGGF Edwin Hunt came along when Nancy was 48 if the dates are to be believed … he was a pupil teacher at 14 according to the Census, and before long headmaster at a school in Reading, Berkshire – where he speedily married the headmistress of the nearby girls’ school. They had 10 children of whom 9 survived and all emigrated to Australia as well, in 1879.

Thomas died when he was 54 and the children were mostly still at home. Nancy went to work as a nurse and lived to 70 (1859). I have a photograph of her, a rather determined-looking old lady in a frilly mob cap, with work-worn hands. How would she have felt about three of her children going to the other side of the world, where all her numerous grandchildren thrived?

What appeals to me about Nancy – apart from our shared name – is what a strong woman she must have been and her obvious influence on her children’s education. Her influence has endured – one of her grandchildren was the first woman Science graduate from the University of Sydney in the 1880s, and several great great grandchildren have been or are teachers and/or scientists.

Theme: A Record That Adds Color.

I’ve chosen to interpret this theme a little differently. 

My Scottish Great Great Grandfather Dr. Thomas Lyle had a brother, John Lyle (1789-1822). For a long time I knew little about John, then discovered he had been a soldier in the 51st Regiment of Foot and had fought at Waterloo. I paid a researcher in London to go to the National Archives where she discovered a whole set of papers about him. Initially a foot soldier, he must have shown promise as he was promoted to Sergeant, then at the time of Waterloo he was made Colour Sergeant – ie he was privileged to carry the banner of the Regiment into battle. According to Wikipedia, “… the colour sergeant was a non-commissioned officer rank that is above sergeant and below warrant officer class 2. This rank, introduced in 1813, is typically responsible for training and discipline within a company and is considered prestigious due to its historical role in protecting the regimental colors during battles.”

Somehow John survived Waterloo; by then he and his wife had 2 children and after the battle his Regiment was one of those which remained in France. His wife either followed the Regiment or joined it at Valenceinnes, for that is where she bore their third child. 

But within a few years he and his family were off to Jamaica, where he speedily succumbed to yellow fever. It is not known what happened to his wife, but the official papers say he left three orphaned children “in the care of the Regiment”. I have been unable to trace them further.